Raised Skin Bumps: 44 Causes, Pictures and Treatment

Raised skin bumps can occur for a variety of reasons and are usually harmless. They may also be associated with additional symptoms such as pain, itching, or a burning sensation.

Skin bumps can appear either as a single lesion or a cluster of bumps, with color varying depending on the underlying cause.

Raised bumps on the skin can be broadly divided as follows:

• Birthmark: Infantile hemangioma.
• Inflammatory skin conditions include psoriasis, rosacea, perioral dermatitis, acne, eczema, contact dermatitis, and keratosis pilaris.
• Infections include chicken pox, shingles, impetigo, syphilis, leprosy, folliculitis, and hand, foot, and mouth disease.
• Skin growths: These can be non-cancerous or cancerous skin growths.
  • Non-cancerous include mole, cherry angiomas, skin tags, pyogenic granuloma, and warts.
  • Precancerous include actinic keratosis.
  • Cancerous include skin carcinoma and lymphoma.

Below are 44 skin conditions that can lead to raised skin bumps.

Table of Contents

1. Infantile hemangioma
2. Blisters
3. Corns and calluses
4. Hives
5. Insect bites
6. Atopic dermatitis
7. Dyshidrotic eczema
8. Contact dermatitis
9. Heat rash
10. Rosacea
11. Perioral dermatitis
12. Psoriasis
13. Keratosis pilaris
14. Acne
15. Folliculitis
16. Scabies
17. Chickenpox
18. Shingles
19. Impetigo
20. Cold sores
21. Hand, foot and mouth disease
22. Molluscum contagiosum
23. Swimmer’s itch
24. Syphilis
25. Leprosy
26. Erythema nodosum
27. Epidermoid or epidermal cyst
28. Syringomas
29. Sebaceous hyperplasia
30. Seborrheic keratosis
31. Milia
32. Keloid
33. Cherry angioma
34. Pyogenic granuloma
35. Skin tags
36. Lipoma
37. Warts
38. Moles
39. Dermatofibroma
40. Actinic keratosis
41. Squamous cell carcinoma
42. Basal cell carcinoma
43. Melanoma
44. Mycosis fungoides
45. When to see a doctor

1. Infantile hemangioma (Birthmark)

• Key features
  • Appearance: Superficial (Initially appears as flat red spot, later may form a red bump), deep may appear as a skin-colored or bluish bump.
  • Location: Any part of the body.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.

Infantile hemangiomas occur due to the formation of extra blood vessels in the skin. These usually appear at birth or shortly after birth. They grow quickly but eventually shrink in size.

 It can be of two types:

• Superficial hemangioma (also called strawberry hemangioma) can appear as a raised red mark or bump on the skin.
• Deep hemangioma is present deeper in the skin and may appear as a skin-colored or bluish bump on the skin.

Cause

The exact cause is not clear.

Treatment

These do not require treatment as they disappear over time. If they cause any discomfort, they can be treated with medications like beta-blockers or steroids, laser, or surgical removal.

2. Blisters

• Key features
  • Appearance: Fluid-filled bumps.
  • Location: Any part of the body.
  • Is it itchy? Varies. 
  • Is it contagious? Will depend on the underlying cause.

Blisters, also called skin bubbles, are fluid-filled bumps on the skin, and depending on the cause, they may be itchy or painful. Blisters form due to the collection of fluid between the layers of skin. Depending on size, they can be:

• Vesicles that are less than 5 mm in size.
• Bullae are larger blisters.

Cause

These can occur due to several reasons like friction, burns, frostbite, autoimmune disorders like pemphigus, infections, etc.

Treatment

One should not pop the blisters since they protect and help in faster healing of underlying skin. The treatment will depend on the underlying cause. 

3. Corns and calluses

• Key features
  • Appearance: Hard and rough raised bumps.
  • Location: Common on feet and hands.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no. 
  • Is it contagious? No.

Corns appear as hard raised skin bumps surrounded by inflamed skin. They can be painful.

Calluses cover larger areas and are usually not painful.

Cause

These occur due to repeated friction or pressure like ill-fitting shoes.

Treatment

Over-the-counter keratolytic which remove layers of dead skin cells like salicylic acid may be helpful. If OTC options don’t work, your doctor may cut or shave away the excess layers of skin.

4. Hives (Urticaria)

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red or skin-colored bumps.
  • Location: Any part of the body.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
  • Is it contagious? No. 

Hives can result in raised skin bumps, which can be red, skin-colored, or light brown in color. They are usually associated with itching. 

If the bump is pressed, the area becomes pale, this is called blanching. Depending on how long these last, they can be acute (less than 6 weeks) or chronic (more than 6 weeks).

Cause

Hives often occur due to an allergic reaction where a chemical called histamine is released from our immune cells. They can appear due to certain medications, or in response to foods like seafood, nuts, eggs, pollen, animal dander, dust, or molds. In some cases, the cause may be unknown, or these may be associated with other underlying medical conditions.

Hives may be associated with angioedema, which can be serious if it affects the airways. Hives may also be associated with a more serious condition called anaphylaxis, a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. This can lead to difficulty breathing, a rapid drop in blood pressure, swelling, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, and dizziness. One should go to the hospital immediately in such a case.

Treatment

• Avoid the trigger factor.
• Over-the-counter antihistamines may reduce the symptoms.
• In a few cases, your doctor may prescribe medications. 

5. Insect bites

• Key features
  • Appearance: Usually red bumps.
  • Location: Any part of the body.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, yes.

Insect bites are one of the common causes of itchy bumps on the skin. They can be red, reddish-brown, or skin-colored and may form blisters.

The symptoms may vary depending on the insect (mosquitoes, bed bugs, fleas, certain flies, etc.). 

Cause

These occur due to the skin’s reaction to secretions of insects or their stings. 

Treatment

Usually, they clear on their own. Over-the-counter antihistamines and topical steroids may help reduce the symptoms.

6. Atopic dermatitis

• Key features
  • Appearance: Flat red spots or raised red bumps.
  • Location: Depends on the patient’s age.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
  • Is it contagious? No.

There are different types of eczemas and atopic dermatitis is the most common type. It can occur at any age but is commonly seen in children. It can lead to inflammation, itching, and skin lesions.

The symptoms can vary with age.

• Infants: Red spots or bumps that may form blisters on the face, scalp, or limbs. 
• Children: Red patches and bumps on the front of the elbow or back of the knee. 
• Adults: Dry and thickened skin. 

Cause

The exact cause is not known. It may be associated with genetics, skin barrier dysfunction, and altered skin microbiome. 

Treatment

Gentle skincare, barrier repair moisturizers, and short baths may be helpful.

In a few cases, topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, or other medications may be prescribed.

7. Dyshidrotic eczema

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red spots or bumps that may form blisters.
  • Location: Palms and soles along the sides of fingers and toes.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Dyshidrotic eczema aka pompholyx is commonly seen in women in the 20-40s age group. It can lead to itchy blisters or fluid-filled bumps on the hands and feet along the sides of fingers and toes.

These blisters resolve leaving red and dry skin.  

Cause

The exact cause is not clear. The associated factors include stress, hot and humid climate, excess sweating, and contact with metals like nickel.

It is often seen in people who have a history of allergies or a family history of dyshidrotic eczema. 

Treatment

It is usually treated with topical steroids. In a few cases, oral medications like steroids, immunosuppressants, and phototherapy may be recommended.  

Botulinum toxin injection may help with excessive sweating. 

Read the full article on dyshidrotic eczema.

8. Contact dermatitis

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps (may form blisters in some cases).
  • Location: Any part of the body.
  • Is it itchy? Usually yes.
  • Is it contagious? No. 

Contact dermatitis can lead to red raised bumps on the skin. The bumps may become filled with fluid to form blisters.

Cause

It can be of two types:

Allergic contact dermatitis: This occurs when the skin comes in contact with an allergen like molds, dust, pet dander, metals like nickel, poison ivy, etc. 

Irritant contact dermatitis: This occurs when the skin comes in contact with an irritant like harsh cleansing products, surfactants, fragrances, dyes, essential oils, etc.

Treatment

• Avoid contact with the known allergen or irritant.
• Cool compress, antihistamines, and topical steroids may help in reducing the symptoms.

9. Heat rash 

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps (miliaria rubra).
  • Location: Any part of the body.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Miliaria rubra, the most common type of heat rash, can present with a cluster of tiny itchy red bumps on the skin. 

Cause

Heat rash occurs due to the trapping of sweat under the skin in hot weather or environment. It is commonly seen in babies and children, although it can occur at any age. 

Treatment

It usually clears in 2-3 days and does not need specific treatment.

• Cold baths and antihistamines can help in reducing the symptoms. 
• Wear loose breathable clothing.
• Avoid thick and occlusive skincare products.  

10. Rosacea

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps along with telangiectasia.
  • Location: Face.
  • Is it itchy? It may be associated with itching.
  • Is it contagious? No. 

Papulopustular rosacea can lead to red bumps on the face, especially the cheeks, chin, and forehead. It is often accompanied by broken or dilated blood vessels (telangiectasia).   

Cause

The exact cause is not clear. Genetics, the immune system, and environmental factors may play some role in it. 

Several factors may lead to a flare of rosacea like alcohol, sun exposure, spicy food, extreme hot or cold temperatures, stress, etc. 

Treatment

It is treated with topical medications which include azelaic acid, metronidazole, and ivermectin. Oral antibiotics may be prescribed in a few cases. 

11. Perioral dermatitis

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps.
  • Location: Around mouth, nose, or eyes.
  • Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Perioral dermatitis can lead to a red rash with a cluster of bumps around the mouth. These bumps can be papules or pustules (filled with pus). They may be associated with itching and burning sensations. 

They can also occur around the nose and eyes. Since it commonly occurs around openings, it is called periorificial dermatitis.

Cause

The exact cause is not known. It is commonly associated with the topical use of steroids, steroid inhalers, toothpaste with fluoride or sulfates, thick skincare products, hormonal changes, and dental filling material.

It is almost always seen in females (20-40 years of age).

Treatment

• One should avoid the use of any topical steroids. 
• It is treated with topical antibiotics like metronidazole and erythromycin.
• Oral antibiotics (like doxycycline, and minocycline) may be prescribed in some cases.

Read more about perioral dermatitis.

12. Psoriasis

• Key features
  • Appearance: Raised red bumps or plaques. 
  • Location: Common areas are elbows, knees, scalp, chest, and back.
  • Is it itchy? Yes, it can be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that has different types.

Plaque psoriasis is the most common type which usually starts as tiny red bumps. These can come together to form bigger raised areas called plaques on the skin. These may be covered with white or silvery scales. 

The commonly involved areas are elbows, knees, scalp, and trunk.

Cause

The exact cause is not known. Genetics, the immune system, and environmental factors may play some role in it. Certain factors can lead to an outbreak like injury, infection, stress, cold weather, etc.

Treatment

It is treated with topicals containing coal tar or salicylic acid, steroids, immunosuppressants, and vitamin D or A derivatives. Phototherapy may be beneficial. 

13. Keratosis pilaris

• Key features
  • Appearance: Rough red bumps. 
  • Location: Commonly seen on upper arms, thighs, cheeks, and buttocks.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No. 

Keratosis pilaris is a condition commonly seen in children and adolescents, characterized by skin that is bumpy and rough with red raised spots. These typically appear on the upper arms, cheeks, thighs, or buttocks, and usually do not itch

Cause

The exact cause is not known. It may be associated with genetics or atopic dermatitis.

The bumps appear due to blockage of the hair follicles with keratin (it is a protein that is part of the outer layer of our skin). 

Treatment

It clears on its own with age (usually by 20-30s). 

Some ingredients can help in improving the appearance by getting rid of dead skin cells or increasing cell turnover. This includes urea, lactic acid, glycolic acid, and retinoids (like retinol). 

14. Acne vulgaris

• Key features
  • Appearance: White or red bumps. 
  • Location: Face, chest, upper back, or shoulders.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Acne vulgaris (the common acne) is of two types:

• Non-inflammatory acne presents as blackheads and closed comedones. Blackheads often appear as tiny bumps with a black center, while closed comedones typically show up as skin-colored or white bumps on the skin.
• Inflammatory acne can present as papules, pustules, nodules, or cysts. Papules and pustules present as red raised bumps on the skin, while nodules and cysts present as bumps under the skin.

Cause

Acne is caused by blockage of the pores or hair follicles with dead skin cells and sebum. This can lead to the proliferation of bacteria and inflammation.

It is commonly seen in areas rich in oil glands like the face, upper back, chest, or shoulders. 

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the severity of the acne.

• Mild or moderate acne: Topicals like salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, or antibiotics. 
• Severe acne: May need oral antibiotics or Accutane in addition to topicals.  

15. Folliculitis

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps (may be filled with pus).
  • Location: Face, arms, legs, and buttocks.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
  • Is it contagious? Some types may be contagious.

Folliculitis involves hair-bearing areas (commonly involves the face, arms, legs, and buttocks). It occurs due to inflammation and infection of the hair follicles. 

Folliculitis is of several different types. The most common type is bacterial folliculitis, which typically presents as red bumps on the skin that may be filled with pus.

Another type, called Malassezia folliculitis (also known as fungal acne), often appears as itchy, pimple-like bumps on the face.

Cause

Bacterial folliculitis is often caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.

A skin injury, sweating, prolonged antibiotic use, and certain medical conditions like diabetes may increase one’s risk of developing folliculitis. 

Treatment

Mild cases may not require any treatment. Antibacterial washes may be beneficial. In some cases, topical antibiotics like mupirocin or oral antibiotics may be prescribed.

Malassezia folliculitis may benefit from the use of shampoos or cleansers with antifungals. Prescription creams may be required in some cases.

16. Scabies

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps (may form blisters).
  • Location: In adults – inside folds, groin, waist, nipple, between fingers.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
  • Is it contagious? Yes.

Scabies can present as a pimply rash with itchy, red bumps that may be filled with fluid (blisters). Intense itching and scratching can lead to a secondary bacterial infection.

The commonly involved areas may vary by age.

• Young children: Head and neck, palms, and soles are commonly involved. 
• Adults: Inside of the elbow or wrist, between the fingers, groin, waist, or nipple. 

Cause

It is caused by a mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. It can be acquired by coming in close contact with someone who has scabies or by sharing personal items like bedding or clothing. 

Treatment

The treatment includes topicals like permethrin (5%), sulfur (5 to 10%), benzyl benzoate (25%), or crotamiton (10%). Oral ivermectin pills may be prescribed in some cases. 

17. Chickenpox

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps (may form blisters).
  • Location: All over the body.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
  • Is it contagious? Yes.

Chickenpox is a viral infection that can lead to blister rash all over the body. It occurs in three phases, first, the red bumps appear, followed by the formation of blisters and finally, they undergo scabbing. 

It may be accompanied by fever, weakness, or headache The rash usually clears in about 2 weeks. 

Cause

This is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus. It can be transferred by direct contact with the lesions or contaminated surfaces. 

It can be prevented by the chickenpox vaccine.  

Treatment

The rash resolves on its own and doesn’t need specific treatment. Antiviral medication may be prescribed in a few cases. 

18. Shingles

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps (may form blisters).
  • Location: Usually appears on one side of the body.
  • Is it itchy? It may be associated with itching.
  • Is it contagious? The infecting virus may be transferred to susceptible individuals; however, they will develop chickenpox and not shingles.

Shingles lead to painful blister rash which may be preceded by burning and itching. It usually involves one side of the body like one side of the trunk, arm, etc. 

It may be accompanied by systemic symptoms like fever or fatigue.

Cause

It occurs due to the Varicella-zoster virus (the same virus which causes chickenpox).  

Once a person gets chickenpox, the virus stays in the body and can reactivate, leading to shingles.

Reactivation of this virus can occur due to stress, weak immune systems, certain medications, or health conditions like diabetes or cancer. 

One can spread the virus to others who never had chickenpox or were vaccinated against it. The virus will lead to chickenpox in such individuals and not shingles. 

The Shingrix vaccine may help prevent Shingles (considered 90% effective). 

Treatment

Antiviral medications may help in clearing the lesions faster. It can also reduce the chances of complications. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to reduce pain like gabapentin or amitriptyline. 

19. Impetigo

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps form blisters.
  • Location: Usually around mouth and nose. 
  • Is it itchy? Yes, it may be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? Yes.

Impetigo is a bacterial infection that presents as clusters of red, raised bumps, sores, and blisters. These eventually burst and ooze, forming a honey-colored crust. 

It usually involves the area around the mouth and nose and is commonly seen in young children. 

Cause

The main cause is infection by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It can be transferred by direct contact with the lesions or by touching contaminated surfaces.   

Treatment

It is usually treated with a topical antibiotic called mupirocin. Oral antibiotics may be prescribed in a few cases. 

20. Cold sores 

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps and blisters.
  • Location: Usually on the lips and area around the lips.
  • Is it itchy? It may be associated with itching.
  • Is it contagious? Yes.

Cold sores aka fever blisters lead to red fluid-filled bumps on the lips or area around them. It can also involve eyes or cheeks. 

A person may feel burning and itching before the appearance of bumps. The bumps form blisters and eventually crust. 

The rash usually clears in about 2 weeks.

Cause

Cold sores are caused by herpes simplex virus (usually type 1). Once a person gets infected with this virus, it stays inside the body.

It can reactivate due to sun exposure, illness, hormones, stress, certain medical conditions like diabetes, and a suppressed immune system. 

The virus can be transferred by contact with the sores or by touching contaminated surfaces.  

Treatment

• Over-the-counter lip ointments with benzocaine can reduce the pain by numbing the area.  
• Abreva cream is an over-the-counter option that has an antiviral and can help in faster healing of the lesions. 
• Topical or oral antivirals may be prescribed in a few cases.  

Read more about cold sores.

21. Hand, foot, and mouth disease

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps (may form blisters).
  • Location: Hand, feet, and mouth.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? Yes.

This is a common contagious viral infection that leads to blisters in the mouth and red bumps on hands and feet. It may be preceded by fever. 

It may be accompanied by other symptoms like sore throat, weakness, or loss of appetite. 

It is commonly seen in young children.

Cause

It is caused by Coxsackievirus 16. 

Treatment

The rash usually resolves on its own in a week. Your doctor may recommend over-the-counter pain medications like Tylenol.

22. Molluscum contagiosum

• Key features
  • Appearance: White, skin-colored, or pink shiny bumps with central dip.
  • Location: Usually on the face, trunk, and limbs.
  • Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? Yes.

This is a common viral infection of the skin which usually occurs in children. It may occur in adults too, especially with weak immune systems.

Molluscum contagiosum often presents as a cluster of tiny, colorless bumps on the skin that may be itchy. Sometimes, these may appear as white or pink skin bumps.

These skin bumps have a waxy surface and a central depression. They typically appear on the face, trunk, or limbs, but in adults, they can also appear on the genitalia.

Cause

This is caused by a pox virus called Molluscum contagiosum. It can occur via direct contact with the lesions or contaminated surfaces. It may be transmitted sexually in adults. 

It may occur more frequently in children with skin barrier dysfunction like atopic dermatitis.

Treatment

Most of the time, the lesions disappear on their own, however, it may take several months or a few years. They can be removed in a doctor’s office with laser therapy, curettage, or cryotherapy. 

Read more: Treatment for Molluscum contagiosum

23. Swimmer’s itch (Cercarial dermatitis)

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bumps.
  • Location: Areas exposed to water infested with parasites.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Swimmer’s itch presents with red bumps along with itching. These spots may be associated with a burning sensation. The spots usually go away in a week.

Cause

One can get it by swimming outdoors in freshwater lakes or ponds which are infested with parasites. These can burrow into our skin but since humans are not the primary host, they die soon. 

However, it results in an allergic reaction resulting in red bumps. 

Treatment

Over-the-counter antihistamines may help in reducing the symptoms. In severe cases, your doctor may prescribe medications.

24. Syphilis

• Key features
  • Appearance: Rough and scaly red or reddish-brown bumps.
  • Location: Trunk, palms, and soles (secondary syphilis).
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? Yes.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease. In primary syphilis (the first stage), a painless firm round ulcer called chancre appears on the genitalia. It usually heals in a few weeks.

Secondary syphilis occurs 3 to 8 weeks later. It can lead to rough red or reddish-brown spots, which are commonly seen on the trunk, palms, and soles. 

It may be accompanied by other symptoms like fever, weakness, or enlarged lymph nodes.  

If left untreated, it can progress to the tertiary stage and cause damage to vital organs of the body.

Causes

Syphilis is caused by a spiral-shaped bacteria called Treponema pallidum. It is contagious and can be transferred by direct contact with the lesions. 

Treatment

It is treated with antibiotics, usually penicillin. Timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term complications. 

25. Hansen disease (Leprosy)

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red spots or bumps.
  • Location: Any part of the body.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? Yes, but it’s not as contagious as once thought. Prolonged closed contact is needed for infection.

Leprosy can lead to skin lesions. It can be classified into different types. The tuberculoid type usually leads to flat or slightly raised lesions whereas the lepromatous type can lead to raised bumps called papules (small bumps) or nodules (bigger bumps).

Cause

It is caused by a slow-growing bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. As per the CDC, it is not transferred by casual contact. Prolonged closed contact with someone having untreated leprosy. is needed to get the infection.

Treatment

It is treated with a combination of multiple antibiotics (dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine). Early treatment may prevent complications like loss of vision, paralysis, or disfigurement.

26. Erythema nodosum

• Key features
  • Appearance: Painful red bumps.
  • Location: Anterior aspect of legs.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No.

It presents with round or oval ill-defined, red, and painful bumps on the lower legs. These may be accompanied by other symptoms like fever, joint pain, and enlarged lymph nodes. 

Causes

In 55% of cases, the cause is not known. In other cases, it may be associated with inflammatory conditions, drugs, hormones, infections, etc. 

Treatment

Any associated cause should be treated. The treatment may include anti-inflammatory medications, oral steroids, or potassium iodide.

27. Epidermoid or epidermal cyst 

• Key features
  • Appearance: Skin-colored, white or yellowish bump, may appear red if inflamed.
  • Location: Head, neck, back.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Epidermal cysts are lined by squamous epithelium and are filled with keratin. These appear as skin-colored, white, or yellowish bumps and are usually seen on the face, neck, or back. 

You may see a punctum or opening on it. In some cases, it may become inflamed and appear as a red bump.

Cause

It occurs due to entrapment of the skin cells under the surface of the skin due to injury or blocking of the hair follicle. It may be related to some genetic conditions. In some cases, it may become inflamed, swollen, and painful. 

Treatment

Epidermal cyst does not require treatment unless it causes any discomfort or for cosmetic reasons. For complete removal, it needs surgical excision to remove the entire wall of the cyst. 

28. Syringomas

• Key features
  • Appearance: Skin-colored or yellowish bump.
  • Location: Usually on the face (around the eyes).
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Syringomas appear as skin-colored or yellowish bumps on the skin. They are firm and usually a few millimeters in size. These bumps are commonly seen around the eyes, upper cheeks, armpits, chest, or genitalia.

Cause

Syringomas form due to overactive sweat glands. They usually appear after puberty or in adolescence. They are more commonly seen in individuals with diabetes and Down syndrome.

Treatment

Syringomas generally do not require treatment. However, if one wishes to remove them, the following treatment options are available:

• Chemical peels
• Laser
• Dermabrasion
• Electrosurgery
• Excision

29. Sebaceous hyperplasia

• Key features
  • Appearance: Yellow, white, or skin-colored.
  • Location: Cheeks and forehead.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Sebaceous hyperplasia can present as small (usually 2-9 mm) yellow, white, or skin-colored bumps on the skin. They are seen on the cheeks and forehead of middle age to older individuals. 

Cause

These occur when the sebaceous glands become enlarged by entrapped sebum. 

Treatment

They do not require treatment unless for cosmetic reasons. Topical retinoids may improve the appearance.

Oral isotretinoin and anti-androgens may shrink them. Several in-office procedures may help in removing them like freezing, laser, electrodesiccation, curettage, or excision. 

30. Seborrheic keratosis

• Key features
  • Appearance: Usually brown in color.
  • Location: Face, neck, or trunk.
  • Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Seborrheic keratosis is a type of skin growth that presents as a rough or scaly bump with a stuck-on appearance. While it’s typically brown, it can also appear as a skin-colored, tan, pink, or black bump on the skin.

It is more commonly seen in middle to older age individuals.

Cause

The exact cause is not known. Genetics may play some role as people with a family history of seborrheic keratosis are more likely to have it. 

Treatment

It is harmless and does not require treatment unless it causes discomfort or due to cosmetic reasons. It can be removed by procedures like cryotherapy, laser ablation, curettage, or excision.  

31. Milia

• Key features
  • Appearance: White or yellow bumps.
  • Location:  Usually on the face.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Milia presents with tiny white raised bumps on the face especially on the cheeks, nose, and under eyes. They are often seen in infants but they can occur at any age.

Cause

These occur due to the entrapment of dead skin cells under the skin which can harden resulting in milia. They may also be related to damage to the skin, sun exposure, genetics, certain skin conditions, topical use of steroids, or heavy/occlusive skincare products.

In infants, the mother’s hormones may play some role. 

Treatment

They are harmless and usually go away in a few weeks or months. A few skincare ingredients like exfoliants and retinoids may help in clearing them.

They can also be removed by in-office procedures like cryotherapy, chemical peels, or lasers.

32. Keloid

• Key features
  • Appearance: Skin-colored, red or purple raised bump.
  • Location: Earlobes, chest, cheeks, or shoulders.
  • Is it itchy? They may be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? No.

A keloid may present as a shiny, skin-colored, red, or purple raised bump on the skin. It has a soft, rubbery texture and may be associated with itching.

These are commonly seen on ears, cheeks, upper back, chest (pre-sternal), or shoulders.

Cause

Any type of skin injury can trigger the formation of keloids. They are thought to occur due to the formation of too much collagen during the process of wound healing. 

The risk factors associated with keloids include family history, age under 30 years, or dark skin tone.

Treatment

Keloids can be difficult to treat and may regrow back.

Newer lesions may benefit from using silicone pads or pressure dressings. The other treatment options include topical steroids, intralesional steroid injection, laser, freezing, or surgical removal.

33. Cherry angioma

• Key features
  • Appearance: Usually as red bumps.
  • Location: Common on trunk and arms.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No. 

Cherry angiomas are non-cancerous lesions commonly seen between the ages of 30 and 40. They consist of proliferating small blood vessels. 

These appear as small, red raised bumps, usually seen on the chest, back, and arms. If these bumps are irritated or traumatized, they can bleed.

Cause

The exact cause is not known. It is often associated with genetics, aging, hormones, or medication side effects.    

Treatment

They do not require treatment unless they bleed or for cosmetic reasons. Cherry angiomas can be removed by in-office procedures like laser, freezing, or electrosurgery.

34. Pyogenic granuloma

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red bump.
  • Location: Common on face, fingers, and mouth.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No.

These are a non-cancerous proliferation of capillaries which are small blood vessels. They are common in children and pregnant women. 

They appear as red or reddish-brown raised bumps, usually on the face, fingers, and inside the mouth. 

Cause

The exact cause is not clear. The associated factors include trauma, hormones, or medications. 

Treatment

Treatment involves addressing any associated factor. Complete surgical excision is the preferred method of treatment. 

35. Skin tags

• Key features
  • Appearance: Skin-colored or slightly darker bump.
  • Location: Common in skin folds like the neck, armpits, groin, etc.
  • Is it itchy? These may be associated with itching.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Skin tags are benign skin growths that are usually skin-colored/flesh-colored or slightly darker than skin. They are attached to our skin by a fine stalk.

These usually appear in skin folds like on the neck, eyelids, armpits, groin, under the breast, and genitalia.

Cause

The exact cause is not known, however aging and friction may play a part in it. Some other risk factors for developing skin tags include genetics, diabetes, overweight, pregnancy, or hormonal changes. 

Treatment

These do not require treatment unless they cause discomfort or for cosmetic reasons.

They can be removed by cutting or shaving with sterile surgical instruments, freezing, ligation to cut blood supply, or electrosurgery.

36. Lipoma

• Key features
  • Appearance: Skin-colored bump.
  • Location: Common on the forehead, neck, shoulders, trunk, and limbs.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Lipomas are non-cancerous growths of fat cells that appear as skin-colored bumps under the skin. These are soft, move freely under the skin, and usually measure less than 2 inches. They commonly appear on the forehead, neck, shoulders, back, chest, arms, or legs.

Cause

The exact cause is not clear, Genetics may play some role.

Treatment 

They can be surgically excised. In some cases, the fatty lump is removed by liposuction.

37. Warts

• Key features
  • Appearance: Skin-colored, white, pink, brown, or yellow bump.
  • Location: Different parts of the body.
  • Is it itchy? In a few cases.
  • Is it contagious? Yes.

Warts are small skin-colored, white, pink, brown, or yellow bumps on the skin with rough surfaces. 

There are five main types that appear on different types of the body.

• Common warts appear on hands, fingers, and toes.
• Flat warts usually appear on the face, arms, or thighs.
• Plantar warts appear on feet.
• Filiform warts appear on the face.
• Genital warts appear in the genital area and may increase the risk of certain cancers. 

Cause

Warts occur due to infection of the skin by a few types of HPV or human papillomavirus. 

These are contagious and the virus can spread by direct skin-to-skin or sexual contact. Any type of skin injury or skin barrier impairment can make one prone to warts.

Treatment

They can clear on their own but it takes a long time. Some topicals may help in clearing them like salicylic acid, retinoids, podophyllin, topical 5-fluorouracil, interferon, and imiquimod.

They can also be removed by in-office procedures like freezing, electrosurgery, curettage, or excision. 

38. Moles

• Key features
  • Appearance: Brown, blue, red, tan, pink, or black spots or bumps.
  • Location: Anywhere.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, no.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Moles can appear as brown, blue, red, tan, pink, or black bumps on the skin. They can be either present at birth or may appear in the age group of 20s to 30s.

If you see a mole that is changing in shape, color, growing, or irregular, it’s best to get it examined by a doctor to rule out skin cancer.

Cause

These occur due to the growth of melanocytes (cells that make melanin pigment).

Treatment

They usually do not require treatment unless for cosmetic reasons. They can be removed by in-office procedures like freezing, shaving, or burning them.

39. Dermatofibroma

• Key features
  • Appearance: Pink, reddish-brown, or brown bump.
  • Location: Usually on arms or legs.
  • Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Dermatofibromas are bumps under the skin that can appear pink, reddish-brown, or light or dark brown. The center of the bump may be a pale color. Typically, they measure around 1 cm or less.

If the bump is squeezed between the fingers, the overlying skin dimples (Pinch sign). 

Cause

The exact cause is not clear. However, there are two theories. The first is that it occurs as a reaction to a skin injury like an insect bite or trauma. The second is that it is an abnormal growth of cells. 

Treatment

They are harmless but if needed they can be removed by surgical excision.

40. Actinic keratosis

• Key features
  • Appearance: Rough pink, red, brown, tan, or pink spots or bumps.
  • Location: Sun-exposed areas.
  • Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Actinic keratosis is a precancerous lesion that can progress to squamous cell carcinoma in some cases.

Actinic keratosis can present as crusty bumps on the skin that are red, pink, tan, white, or brown. This condition is usually seen in areas exposed to the sun.

Cause

It occurs due to DNA damage in the squamous cells which form the top layer of our skin. 

Treatment

It can be treated with topical medications like 5- fluorouracil, imiquimod, ingenol mebutate or diclofenac, laser, freezing, or excision.

41. Squamous cell carcinoma

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red spot or bump. 
  • Location: Usually seen in sun-exposed areas.
  • Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Squamous cell cancer can occur anywhere; however, it is commonly seen in areas exposed to the sun.

They may appear as pink or red scaly patches, a non-healing ulcer, a firm nodule, or rough bumpy wart-like growth.

Cause

It occurs due to DNA damage in the squamous cells. Risk factors that increase one’s chance of squamous cell cancer include fair skin, exposure to UV rays, a suppressed immune system, or a history of squamous cell carcinoma.

Treatment

The treatment may include curettage, cryotherapy, laser, Mohs surgery, surgical excision, or radiation therapy. 

42. Basal cell carcinoma

• Key features
  • Appearance: Skin colored, pink, red, white, brown spot or bump. 
  • Location: Usually seen in sun-exposed areas.
  • Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Basal cell carcinoma originates from the basal layer which is the bottom layer of the epidermis. 

It appears as waxy or shiny pink, red, skin-colored, white, brown, or tan bumps, flat spots, or sores. They may have rolled edges with central depression.

Cause

These occur due to DNA damage in the basal cells, most often due to sun exposure. 

Treatment 

It is commonly treated with surgery – Mohs surgery or surgical excision. Other options may be laser, freezing, or curettage.  

43. Melanoma

• Key features
  • Appearance: Red, blue, brown, black spot or bump. 
  • Location: Anywhere but usually seen in sun-exposed areas.
  • Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Melanoma is the cancer of melanocytes. It can present as an asymmetric or irregular red, blue, light brown, dark brown, or black bump or flat spot on the skin. The features which can help in identifying them include (ABCDEs):

• Asymmetry between two halves of the lesion.
• Border irregular or ill-defined.
• Color variation (like red, and tan to dark brown). 
• Diameter usually 6 mm or more (the size of a pencil eraser).
• Evolving means the spot is growing or changing over time.

Melanoma usually occurs in sun-exposed areas but it can also occur in hidden areas which do not get any sun.

Cause

The exact cause is not entirely clear; however, sun exposure and genetics are thought to be behind it.

Treatment

The treatment will depend on size, depth of invasion, and various other factors. The treatment may include surgical excision, lymph node removal, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. 

44. Mycosis fungoides

• Key features
  • Appearance: Flat red spot or red bump. 
  • Location: Any part of the body.
  • Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
  • Is it contagious? No.

Mycosis fungoides is a type of cutaneous lymphoma in which T-lymphocytes (a type of cell present in the blood) become cancerous and affect the skin. 

It can go through different phases and symptoms will vary. It can present with itchy red patches, plaques, or nodules. 

Cause

The exact cause is not clear. Genetics and environmental factors may play a role.

Treatment

Treatment will vary and depend on the stage of the disease. It may include topical or oral medications or radiotherapy.

When to see a doctor

Skin bumps are often harmless, however, they may be a sign of a serious skin condition like an infection or cancer.

One should see a doctor if:

• You are not sure what is causing the bump.
• It is growing rapidly, looks unusual, and has irregular edges.
• The bumps involve a large area of the body.
• It is accompanied by other systemic symptoms like fever, pain, dizziness, confusion, etc.
• The bumps have a visible discharge or are bleeding.

Summary

Raised skin bumps can occur due to various reasons like infection, inflammation, autoimmune process, or abnormal skin growth. 

Treatment for each type of skin bump will vary, and some of these bumps may require prescription medication or surgery to get rid of them. It’s important to consult a doctor if a skin bump suddenly changes in appearance or grows rapidly.

References

• Bhandari J, Awais M, Robbins BA, et al. Leprosy. [Updated 2022 Aug 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
• Vaidya T, Badri T. Mycosis Fungoides. [Updated 2022 Aug 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
• Pardo S, Perera TB. Scarlet Fever. [Updated 2022 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
• Oakley A. 2001. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus. DermNet.
• Blistering skin conditions. Oakley A. DermNet.
• Pandey A, Sonthalia S. Skin Tags. [Updated 2022 Jun 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
• Ayoade F, Kumar S. Varicella Zoster. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
• Nardi NM, Schaefer TJ. Impetigo. [Updated 2022 Oct 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
• Jagdeo J, Kerby E, Glass DA. Keloids. JAMA Dermatol. 2021;157(6):744. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.4705.
• Dyshidrotic Eczema. National Eczema Association.
• Myers DJ, Fillman EP. Dermatofibroma. [Updated 2022 Apr 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
• Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy). CDC.
• Winters RD, Mitchell M. Folliculitis. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
• Skin cancer. Mayo Clinic.
• Mycosis Fungoides.  National Organization for Rare Disorders.
• Hives. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

Disclaimer: This blog post is for information purposes only and does not replace medical advice.

Share this article