Itchy bumps on the skin can appear due to various reasons such as autoimmune diseases, inflammation, allergies, bug bites, infections, or solid growths.
Many of these itchy bumps appear red, but they can also be white, skin-colored, or darker depending on the skin tone and underlying cause. Some skin conditions present with a single itchy bump, while others may present with more widespread bumps.
It is important to identify the underlying cause of these itchy lumps, as the treatment will depend on this cause.
Below, you will find pictures and details of 21 skin conditions that can present with skin bumps that are itchy.
Jump to
- Hives
- Contact dermatitis
- Atopic dermatitis
- Heat rash
- Psoriasis
- Folliculitis
- Scabies
- Insect bites
- Dyshidrotic eczema
- Chickenpox
- Shingles
- Impetigo
- Cold sores
- Genital herpes
- Ringworm
- Swimmer’s itch
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Urticaria pigmentosa
- Prurigo nodularis
- Bullous pemphigoid
- Skin cancer
- When to see a doctor
- Prevention
1. Hives
Hives, also known as urticaria, are red or skin-colored raised bumps on the skin that are usually itchy. These bumps can vary in shape – they may be round, oval, or irregular. If you press the bump, the central area will turn pale; this is called blanching.
If the hives persist for less than six weeks, they are classified as acute hives. However, if they last longer, they are termed chronic hives.
Hives often appear due to the release of a chemical from our immune cells called histamine.
The common triggers for hives include certain foods like nuts, fish, eggs, and shellfish, extreme temperatures, certain medications like penicillin or sulfa drugs, pollen, animal dander, and some viral and bacterial infections.
In some cases, hives may be associated with angioedema, which can be serious if it affects the airways. Additionally, hives can occasionally be associated with anaphylaxis. It can lead to abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and confusion. One should go to the hospital immediately if experiencing any of these symptoms.
Diagnosis
In most cases, hives can be diagnosed through a clinical examination, and symptoms can often be associated with certain foods or activities.
If necessary, an allergist can perform skin or blood tests to determine what is causing the symptoms.
Treatment
Avoiding the trigger can prevent the rash from worsening. Over-the-counter antihistamines and cool compresses can help alleviate the symptoms. If symptoms are severe, your doctor may prescribe medications.
2. Contact dermatitis
If our skin comes in contact with an allergen or irritant, it can result in a skin rash known as allergic or irritant contact dermatitis, respectively. This can lead to itchy bumps, blisters, oozing, dryness, or burning.
Common allergens include poison ivy, latex, metals like nickel, pollen, pet dander, and molds. On the other hand, common irritants include fragrances, essential oils, cleaning products, surfactants, and more.
Diagnosis
Contact dermatitis can be diagnosed through a physical examination and a review of medical history.
Treatment
The first step in treatment is to avoid further contact with the allergen or irritant. A cool compress can help decrease itching. Antihistamines and topical steroids may also be helpful in managing the symptoms.
3. Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis, the most common type of eczema, is a chronic condition frequently seen in children. Inflammation and itching are characteristic of this condition, which can affect any part of the body.
Multiple factors contribute to atopic dermatitis, including genetics, skin barrier dysfunction, and an altered skin microbiome.
This condition can result in dry and itchy skin with red spots, and symptoms can vary with age.
- In infants, one can see red papules which may have vesicles on the face, scalp, or limbs.
- In children, it can lead to red patches on flexural aspects like the front of the elbow or back of the knee.
- In adults, it can lead to areas of dry skin and thickening.
Diagnosis
Atopic dermatitis is usually diagnosed by examining the rash and reviewing the patient’s history. In some cases, additional testing may be required to identify allergens that trigger the dermatitis.
Treatment
Mild cases may improve by reducing bath time, using lukewarm instead of hot water, opting for mild soaps for bathing, and applying barrier repair moisturizers. Additionally, it’s important to avoid known irritants or allergens.
Your doctor may prescribe topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors. For more severe cases, oral steroids, methotrexate, mycophenolate, and azathioprine may be considered. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody, can also be effective.
4. Heat rash
Heat rash, also known as prickly heat or miliaria, occurs when we are hot or sweat excessively, leading to trapped sweat under the skin. While it’s commonly seen in babies and children, anyone can develop it.
The most common type of heat rash, miliaria rubra, presents as tiny itchy red bumps on the skin. These bumps can resemble pimples and usually appear on parts of the body that are covered by clothing, such as the trunk, groin, underarms, or neck.
Diagnosis
Heat rash can be diagnosed clinically by a doctor.
Treatment
Heat rash usually clears up in 2-3 days. The following remedies may help:
- Cool the body by taking a cold bath.
- Wear loose clothing.
- Avoid occlusive skincare products.
- Over-the-counter antihistamines may help.
- If symptoms get worse or do not improve, one should see a doctor.
5. Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that leads to an accelerated turnover of skin cells.
There are different types of psoriasis, with plaque psoriasis being the most common. It usually starts as small red bumps that eventually spread to larger areas, forming raised red plaques covered by silvery scales.
These plaques can be itchy, and scratching them to remove the scales can lead to pinpoint bleeding spots.
The exact cause of psoriasis isn’t entirely understood. However, it’s believed to occur when our immune cells attack our own skin cells. Both genetic and environmental factors may play a role.
An outbreak can be triggered by various factors such as infection, stress, or injury.
The most commonly affected areas are the scalp, elbows, and knees.
Diagnosis
Psoriasis is usually diagnosed through a clinical examination and possibly a skin biopsy, where a small sample is taken and examined by a pathologist in a lab.
Treatment
Treatment options include coal tar or salicylic acid shampoos or lotions. Your doctor may prescribe topical steroids, immune system-suppressing medications, and Vitamin A or Vitamin D derivatives. Light therapy may also be beneficial.
6. Folliculitis
Folliculitis results from the inflammation or infection of hair follicles. This condition can cause red, often itchy bumps on the skin, which may sometimes be filled with pus (pustules). It can affect any part of the body that grows hair.
Folliculitis can be either superficial, involving only the upper part of the hair follicle, or deep, where the entire hair follicle is affected.
There are different types of folliculitis, including bacterial folliculitis, hot tub folliculitis, Malassezia folliculitis, sycosis barbae, eosinophilic folliculitis, and pseudo-folliculitis barbae. The most common type is bacterial folliculitis, which is often due to Staphylococcus aureus.
Folliculitis can occur due to various reasons:
- Any cut or injury can allow bacteria to enter.
- Use of contaminated hot tubs.
- Fungal growth.
- Excessive sweating without subsequent washing or cleaning.
- Obesity.
- Health conditions like diabetes and HIV.
- Shaving.
- Hair removal methods like waxing.
Diagnosis
Folliculitis is usually diagnosed clinically by examining the lesions. In some cases, a sample may be taken for lab culture to determine the underlying cause.
Treatment
Treatment will depend on the type and severity of symptoms.
Over-the-counter antibacterial or antifungal washes may help in some cases. Mild cases may resolve on their own, while severe cases may require prescription antibiotics or antifungal topicals or pills.
7. Scabies
Scabies is a skin rash caused by a mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. It can lead to itchy red bumps which can form blisters. In addition, one can see tracks like tiny tunnels made by female mites.
The intense itching and scratching associated with these bumps can lead to open sores and infections like impetigo.
In young children, the head and neck, palms, and soles are commonly affected. In adults, it commonly involves folds or flexures like the inner side of the elbow, wrist; groin, waist, and breast.
This is a contagious skin condition and can spread by close skin-to-skin contact. Although less often, it may also spread by sharing personal items.
Diagnosis
It can be diagnosed clinically by examining the lesions. In a few cases, a skin sample may be taken for examination under a microscope to look for eggs or mites.
Treatment
One needs to get treatment to completely cure scabies. Your doctor may prescribe the following medications:
- Topical permethrin (lower concentration is available over-the-counter, however, it may not completely get rid of scabies).
- Crotamiton cream or lotion (10%).
- Benzyl benzoate lotion (25%).
- Sulfur ointment (5% – 10%).
- Oral ivermectin pills.
- Antihistamines to reduce itching.
- Other members of the same household may need treatment.
8. Insect/Bug bites
Insect bites from mosquitoes, fleas, bed bugs, ants, and other insects can lead to itchy bumps on the skin. These occur due to our skin’s reaction to the secretions or saliva from these insects.
The bites often appear as red bumps, sometimes clustered together. These bumps are typically very itchy and may also develop into blisters.
Diagnosis
Such bites can be diagnosed clinically by examining the lesions.
Treatment
Usually, these bites clear up on their own. Antihistamines and topical steroids may be used to alleviate the symptoms.
The use of insect repellents can help prevent insect bites.
9. Dyshidrotic eczema
Dyshidrotic eczema, also known as pompholyx, results in itchy bumps on hands and feet, especially along the sides of fingers and toes.
The exact cause is unclear, but it is often seen in individuals with allergies or those who have a family history of dyshidrotic eczema.
Additional associated factors include excessive sweating, stress, hot and humid climates, and contact with metals such as nickel. This condition is more common in young women between the ages of 20-40 years.
Before the rash appears, one may experience burning or itching in the affected area. The red bumps, often filled with clear fluid (blisters), appear on the hands and/or feet and usually heal in 2-3 weeks, leaving behind red and dry skin.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made clinically by a doctor. In some cases, a skin sample may be taken to rule out any potential fungal infection.
Treatment
Treatment of dyshidrotic eczema usually involves the use of topical steroids. In severe cases, oral steroids may be prescribed.
If steroids do not provide sufficient relief, medications that suppress the immune system or phototherapy may be considered as alternatives.
In situations where excessive sweat is a contributing factor, botulinum toxin injections may help in reducing perspiration.
10. Chickenpox
Chickenpox is a viral infection caused by a type of herpes virus known as the Varicella-zoster virus. This infection results in itchy red bumps that progress through three stages:
- The initial appearance of red bumps.
- The transformation of these bumps into blisters.
- The formation of scabs over the blisters.
Throughout the duration of the infection, new lesions continue to appear. As a result, bumps, blisters, and scabs may all be present simultaneously.
The rash typically lasts for about 10 days to 2 weeks and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headache, or loss of appetite.
This viral infection is contagious and can spread through close contact until the lesions form scabs.
Chickenpox can be prevented with the chickenpox vaccine.
Diagnosis
Chickenpox is usually diagnosed by a doctor through a clinical examination of the lesions. In some cases, a sample from the bumps may be taken to test for the presence of the virus.
Treatment
Chickenpox usually resolves on its own. However, for individuals with suppressed immune systems or certain medical conditions, antiviral medications may be prescribed.
11. Shingles
Shingles is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus, the same virus responsible for chickenpox. Once a person has had chickenpox, the virus remains dormant within the body.
In some individuals, the virus may reactivate years later, leading to shingles. Several factors can trigger an outbreak, such as a weakened immune system, stress, certain medical conditions like diabetes or HIV, or medications that suppress the immune system.
Shingles results in an itchy rash on one side of the body, such as one side of the trunk, face, or eyes.
Initially, individuals may feel pain, burning, or itching, followed by the appearance of red bumps that develop into blisters. These blisters can burst or ooze and eventually scab over. Other symptoms may include malaise, fatigue, fever, or headache.
The most common complication of shingles is persistent pain in the area of the outbreak, even after the rash has completely healed. This is known as postherpetic neuralgia.
The virus can be transmitted to individuals who are not vaccinated or who have never had chickenpox if they come into contact with the lesions or their fluid. These individuals will develop chickenpox, not shingles.
Shingles can be prevented with the Shingrix vaccine, which is considered 90% effective.
Diagnosis
Shingles is usually diagnosed by examining the lesions. In some cases, your healthcare provider may take a sample to test for the virus.
Treatment
Your doctor may prescribe antiviral medications to aid in healing the lesions more quickly and to prevent complications. Pain medications, such as gabapentin, can also be used to reduce discomfort.
12. Impetigo
Impetigo, a contagious bacterial skin infection, is commonly seen in young children. It can be contracted through direct contact with the infected lesions or by touching surfaces contaminated with the bacteria.
Impetigo often results in small itchy bumps or blisters around the mouth and nose. These blisters can burst, revealing red areas that subsequently form a honey-colored crust.
The condition is most commonly caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
Less common forms of impetigo include ecthyma, which leads to deep, ulcerative lesions, and bullous impetigo, resulting in the formation of large, fluid-filled blisters, usually on the trunk.
Diagnosis
Impetigo is usually diagnosed clinically by a doctor.
Treatment
Impetigo is generally treated with the prescription antibiotic mupirocin. In some cases, oral antibiotics may be needed.
To prevent the spread of the infection, it’s important to keep the affected area clean and to wash hands thoroughly after caring for the infected area.
13. Cold sores (Fever blisters)
Cold sores are usually caused by herpes simplex virus type 1. In a few cases, herpes simplex virus type – 2 can lead to these. Once a person is infected, this virus stays in the body and can lead to recurrent outbreaks. The common trigger factors are:
- Weak immune system.
- Stress.
- Hormonal changes.
- Fatigue.
- Sun exposure.
Cold sores can appear on the lips, lip border, the area between the nose and lips, and below the lips on the chin. They can also affect the eyes or cheeks.
Before the blisters appear, one often experiences a burning or itching sensation. This is followed by the appearance of fluid-filled bumps or blisters, which may burst and ooze before eventually forming a scab.
Cold sores are contagious, and the lesions remain infectious until they heal completely.
Diagnosis
Cold sores can be diagnosed by examining the lesions. Your doctor may also take a sample from the fluid in the blisters to test for the presence of the virus.
Treatment
Cold sores often heal within 1-2 weeks. Over-the-counter balms containing benzocaine can help reduce pain, while lip balms or ointments can provide much-needed moisture to the affected area.
The over-the-counter cream Abreva, which contains an antiviral agent, can assist in speeding up the healing of sores.
In severe cases, or for individuals with suppressed immune systems, topical and oral antiviral medications may be prescribed.
14. Genital herpes
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease that can cause itchy bumps on the genitalia, anus, or mouth. This condition is primarily due to infection by the Herpes Simplex Virus type-2 (HSV-2).
The resulting bumps are filled with clear fluid (blisters). The regional lymph nodes in the groin may become enlarged. Other symptoms can include fever and general discomfort or malaise.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of genital herpes can usually be made clinically by a doctor. In some cases, a sample may be taken from these lesions to test for the presence of the virus.
Treatment
One cannot eradicate the virus so there is no permanent cure but antiviral medications may help in faster healing of the lesions.
15. Ringworm
Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. It presents with a red circular rash which is usually very itchy.
The rash presents with red circles with a clearing in the center. The edges of the circles may be raised and the surface may appear scaly. In darker skin tones, the itchy bumps of the ringworm rash may appear gray or brown.
Ringworm spreads by direct contact with the lesions or infected surfaces. Depending on the site of the body involved, ringworm can have different names.
Ringworm of the hand is called tinea manuum, ringworm of the foot is called tinea pedis, and ringworm of the body (excluding foot, hands, groin, scalp, and nails) is called tinea corporis, and so on.
Diagnosis
In most cases, ringworm can be diagnosed clinically based on its characteristic appearance and associated symptoms.
Treatment
Mild ringworm infections may be cleared with over-the-counter anti-fungal ointments or creams with miconazole, terbinafine, or clotrimazole.
For severe cases and ringworm of the nails, beard, and scalp area, prescription medications and oral antifungals may be prescribed.
See more articles on ringworm here.
16. Swimmer’s itch (Cercarial dermatitis)
Swimmer’s itch is a skin rash that one may develop after swimming in outdoor bodies of water, especially freshwater lakes or ponds.
The rash occurs due to an allergic reaction to parasites that burrow into our skin. As humans are not their primary host, these parasites die shortly after, yet the allergic reaction can persist.
Swimmer’s itch presents as red, itchy bumps that resemble pimples and may be accompanied by a burning sensation.
Diagnosis
There are no specific tests to diagnose swimmer’s itch. Your doctor may take a detailed history of the onset and progression of the rash.
Treatment
The rash usually subsides within a week. Over-the-counter antihistamines and anti-itch lotions may reduce the discomfort. In cases of severe itching, prescription medication may be required.
17. Dermatitis herpetiformis
Dermatitis herpetiformis is a chronic skin condition that occurs due to gluten sensitivity and is often seen in people with celiac disease.
In response to consuming foods containing gluten, the immune cells release IgA antibodies, which can deposit in the skin.
Despite its name, it has no connection to the herpes virus, but the rash can resemble one caused by that virus.
Symptoms often include a burning sensation, followed by the appearance of itchy red bumps. These bumps can develop into blisters. The rash is commonly seen on the knees, elbows, shoulders, buttocks, or scalp.
Diagnosis
Your healthcare provider may do the following tests to make a diagnosis:
- Skin biopsy.
- Blood tests to identify specific antibodies (IgA anti-endomysial antibodies, transglutaminase antibody – tissue and epidermal).
- Intestinal biopsy in a few cases.
Treatment
One needs to adhere to a strict gluten-free diet. Additionally, your doctor may prescribe an oral antibiotic, dapsone, to improve the condition.
18. Urticaria pigmentosa
Urticaria pigmentosa can lead to itchy brown patches on the skin. This occurs due to the collection of mast cells in the skin (mast cells are a type of immune cell).
These patches may form a wheal or raised bump when rubbed or spontaneously due to extreme temperature, spicy food, hot bath, or certain foods. This phenomenon is known as the Darier sign.
The lesions are commonly located on the arms, legs, or trunk. This condition is usually seen in children and young adults.
The exact cause of urticaria pigmentosa is not known; however, genetics may play a part in it.
Diagnosis
It is usually diagnosed clinically. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be taken.
Treatment
Most children outgrow this condition. The symptoms may be reduced by antihistamines, topical or oral steroids, and light therapy.
19. Prurigo nodularis
Prurigo nodularis is a chronic skin condition characterized by itchy, firm nodules on the skin. This skin condition is often preceded by a period of intense itching. It’s thought that chronic itching leads to the formation of these nodules or bumps.
However, the initial cause of the itching is still unknown. It is associated with other conditions like atopic dermatitis, kidney disease, liver disease, thyroid disorders, and HIV.
The rash typically starts as small red bumps, which, with continuous itching, grow larger, forming nodules. These bumps often have a hyperpigmented border.
The lesions appear symmetrically and are commonly seen on the arms, legs, or trunk. Prurigo nodularis typically affects older adults.
Diagnosis
Prurigo nodularis is most often diagnosed clinically; however, a skin biopsy may be performed in some cases.
Treatment
To prevent the worsening of this condition, it is recommended to avoid scratching, use mild soap, apply moisturizers, wear gloves, and keep your fingernails trimmed.
Prescription medications may help in reducing the symptoms. These may include topical or oral steroids, antihistamines, or immunomodulators.
20. Bullous pemphigoid
Bullous pemphigoid is a condition commonly seen in elderly individuals. It is an uncommon autoimmune skin disorder where our immune cells attack our own skin, resulting in the formation of blisters.
The condition often begins as red patches, with small fluid-filled bumps appearing later. These lesions are usually seen in the folds or creases of the skin, such as the groin, abdomen, arms, and legs. These bumps are often associated with itching.
Bullous pemphigoid can also affect the mucous membranes, leading to blisters in the mouth and other areas.
Diagnosis
It is usually diagnosed by examination of the lesions, skin biopsy, and blood tests.
Treatment
Bullous pemphigoid is treated with steroids or medications that can suppress our immune system (immunomodulators).
21. Skin cancer
Can an itchy bump be cancer? There are not many studies that directly talk about itch as a symptom of cancer. However, some itchy bumps can be cancer, although it is not very common.
The three common types of skin cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
Itching is associated much more commonly with squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma than melanoma.
- A 2014 study found that itch was associated with 46.6% of squamous cell carcinomas, 31.9% of basal cell carcinomas, and 14.8% of melanomas.
- In another 2020 study, itch was present in 21.1% of patients with basal cell carcinoma.
Another cancer called cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (Mycosis fungoides) can lead to bumps on the skin and may be associated with itching.
Diagnosis
Any itchy bump that doesn’t go away or grows quickly should be examined by a doctor. A skin biopsy may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment will depend on the type of cancer and may include surgical excision, oral medications, or radiation therapy.
When to see a doctor
One should see a doctor if:
- The bump has an irregular border.
- It is not healing.
- It is growing in size.
- It is associated with other systemic symptoms.
- There is a visible discharge.
- If the itching is severe.
- You are not sure what is causing the itchy bumps.
Prevention
Although one cannot prevent every type of itchy skin lump, the following measures may be helpful:
- Do not scratch your skin.
- Wear loose full-sleeve clothing.
- Avoid extremes of temperatures.
- Avoid known allergens or irritants.
- Get vaccinated against shingles or chickenpox, if applicable.
- Practice good hand hygiene.
- Eat healthy and rest well.
- Manage your stress.
- Protect your skin from the sun, use sunscreen or sun-protective clothing.
- Take a bath after excessive sweating.
- Use insect repellents when outdoors.
Summary
Bumps on the skin that are itchy can be due to hives, chickenpox, shingles, eczema, contact dermatitis, ringworm, insect bites, autoimmune conditions, and so on.
While most of them are harmless, some can be a symptom of a serious skin condition that may need prescription medication or other treatment.
If you are not sure what is causing the itchy bump or if it doesn’t go away, it’s best to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
Read more:
References
- Hives. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.
- Macri A, Cook C. Urticaria Pigmentosa. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Kolb L, Ferrer-Bruker SJ. Atopic Dermatitis. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Pennycook KB, McCready TA. Keratosis Pilaris. [Updated 2022 Jun 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Mullins TB, Sharma P, Riley CA, et al. Prurigo Nodularis. [Updated 2022 Sep 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Swimmer’s itch. Mayo Clinic.
- Yosipovitch G, Mills KC, Nattkemper LA, Feneran A, Tey HL, Lowenthal BM, Pearce DJ, Williford PM, Sangueza OP, D’Agostino RB Jr. Association of pain and itch with depth of invasion and inflammatory cell constitution in skin cancer: results of a large clinicopathologic study. JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Nov;150(11):1160-6. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.895. Erratum in: JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Oct;150(10):1122. PMID: 25055194; PMCID: PMC4229457.
- Chlebicka I, Stefaniak AA, Matusiak Ł, Szepietowski JC. Is Basal Cell Carcinoma an Itchy Tumor? Clinical Characteristics of Itch in Basal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 26;9(8):2386. doi: 10.3390/jcm9082386. PMID: 32722592; PMCID: PMC7465681.
- Winters RD, Mitchell M. Folliculitis. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Macri A, Cook C. Urticaria Pigmentosa. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Dermatitis herpetiformis. Oakley A. DermNet.
- Dyshidrotic Eczema. National Eczema Association.
- Genital herpes. CDC.
- Bullous pemphigoid. Mayo Clinic.
- Ayoade F, Kumar S. Varicella Zoster. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Nardi NM, Schaefer TJ. Impetigo. [Updated 2022 Oct 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
Disclaimer: This blog post is for information purposes only and does not replace medical advice.