Red spots on the skin can occur due to various reasons like blood spots, infections, inflammatory skin conditions, and non-cancerous or cancerous skin growths.
Overview
Red skin spots refer to areas of red discoloration that can be either flat or raised. Other common terms for these spots include “red marks”, “red splotches”, “red blotches”, “red dots” and “red bumps” when the spots are raised.
Broadly, the red spots on the skin can be divided as follows:
- Blood spots like petechiae and purpura.
- Infections like chicken pox, shingles, impetigo, syphilis, leprosy, folliculitis, scarlet fever, Lyme disease, and hand, foot and mouth disease.
- Inflammatory skin conditions like psoriasis, rosacea, perioral dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, lupus, eczema, contact dermatitis, and keratosis pilaris.
- Skin growths may be:
- Non-cancerous like cherry angiomas, hemangiomas, and pyogenic granuloma.
- Cancerous like skin cancer and lymphoma.
Jump to
- Infantile hemangioma
- Petechiae and purpura
- Cherry angioma
- Pyogenic granuloma
- Hives
- Atopic dermatitis
- Contact dermatitis
- Heat rash
- Rosacea
- Pityriasis rosea
- Perioral dermatitis
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Psoriasis
- Insect bites
- Keratosis pilaris
- Acne
- Folliculitis
- Scabies
- Chickenpox
- Shingles
- Impetigo
- Cold sores
- Hand, foot, and mouth disease
- Scarlet fever
- Ringworm
- Swimmer’s itch
- Syphilis
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Dyshidrotic eczema
- Granuloma annulare
- Erythema nodosum
- Leprosy
- Lupus
- Lyme disease
- Actinic keratosis
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Mycosis fungoides
- Diagnosis
- When to see a doctor
Note: This article includes both itchy and non-itchy red spots on the skin. If you are specifically looking for red spots or bumps that are not itchy, refer to this article.
Causes and treatment
Below you will find 37 causes of red spots on the skin, along with pictures and treatment options.
1. Infantile hemangioma (Birthmark)
- Key features
- Appearance: Initial flat red spot on the skin which grows to form a red bump.
- Location: Any part of the body.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Hemangiomas are the result of the collection of extra blood vessels in the skin. They are of two types – superficial and deep.
Superficial hemangioma (also called strawberry hemangioma) can appear as a red mark on the skin. These usually appear at birth or shortly after birth. They grow quickly but eventually shrink in size.
Cause
The exact cause is not known.
Treatment
Infantile hemangiomas disappear over time and do not require treatment. If they cause any problems, they can be treated with medications like beta-blockers, steroids, laser, or surgical removal.
2. Petechiae and purpura
- Key features
- Appearance: Flat red or purple spots or dots (a few purpuras can appear as red bumps)
- Location: Any part of the body.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Tiny red dots on the skin can be due to bleeding into the skin. These are called petechiae or purpura, also referred to as blood spots.
They usually appear as flat purple or red spots on the skin, although some purpura can be raised.
Petechiae are smaller in size (less than 2 mm) and often appear as small red dots on the skin, while purpura are larger (more than 2 mm) and often appear as red splotches on the skin.
These spots can appear in clusters and can look like a rash. If you press on them, they do not fade or become pale.
Causes
Purpura and petechiae can occur due to various reasons.
Thrombocytopenic purpura or petechiae occur due to the destruction of platelets. It can be due to an autoimmune process, infections, medications, or other systemic diseases.
Coagulation disorders can affect the coagulation factors, which are important for blood clotting. This can be due to systemic disease or a side effect of a medication like warfarin.
Disorders affecting the blood vessels: These include weakening, inflammation, or injury of blood vessels.
Treatment
It will depend on the underlying cause.
3. Cherry angioma
- Key features
- Appearance: Usually as red spots or bumps.
- Location: Common on trunk and arms.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Bright red spots on the skin can be due to cherry angiomas (also called red moles). These are non-cancerous lesions that consist of proliferating small blood vessels.
Cherry angiomas can occur anywhere but are common on the chest, back, and arms. They are usually seen after the ages of 30 to 40s.
Cherry angiomas do not itch or hurt but can bleed due to trauma.
Cause
The exact cause is not known. The associated factors include genetics, aging, hormones, or medication side effects.
Treatment
Cherry angiomas do not require treatment unless they bleed or for cosmetic reasons. They can be removed by procedures like laser, freezing, or electrosurgery.
4. Pyogenic granuloma
- Key features
- Appearance: Red bump.
- Location: Common on the face, fingers, and oral cavity.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Pyogenic granuloma is a non-cancerous proliferation of capillaries (tiny blood vessels). The name can be misleading, but it is not an infection.
It can occur at any age but is common in younger age groups like children and pregnant females. The common sites are the face, fingers, and mouth.
Pyogenic granuloma appears as reddish-brown or red bumps on the skin. Initially, the surface is smooth but can become rough and crusty over time. They can bleed easily; however, they do not itch.
Cause
The exact cause is not known. It is often associated with hormonal changes, medications, and trauma.
Treatment
Treatment involves addressing any associated factor. Complete surgical excision is the preferred method of treatment.
5. Atopic dermatitis
- Key features
- Appearance: Flat red spots or red bumps.
- Location: Depends on age.
- Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
Atopic dermatitis is the most common type of eczema and is often seen in children, although it can be seen at any age. It can lead to inflammation, red spots on the skin, and itching. The symptoms can vary with age.
- In infants, one can see red spots, which may form blisters on the face, scalp, arms, and legs.
- In children, it may present with red patches on flexural aspects of arms and legs like the front of the elbow or back of the knee.
- In adults, it may present with dry skin and thickening.
Cause
The exact cause is not known. The associated factors include genetics, skin barrier defect, or altered skin microbiome.
Treatment
- For mild cases of atopic dermatitis, gentle skincare, and barrier repair moisturizers may be helpful.
- In some cases, topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, or other topicals may be prescribed.
6. Hives
- Key features
- Appearance: Red or skin-colored bumps.
- Location: Any part of the body.
- Is it itchy? Usually yes.
Hives (urticaria) is a rash that presents with itchy red bumps on the skin. These can be round, oval, or irregular in shape.
If the red bump is pressed, it turns pale in color. If the hives last less than six weeks, they are called acute hives; if they last longer, they are called chronic hives.
Cause
Hives often occur due to the release of histamine from our immune cells.
They can occur in response to certain foods like seafood, nuts, eggs, certain medications like antibiotic penicillin or sulfa drugs, pollen, animal dander, and some infections. In susceptible individuals, stress can also lead to hives.
In some cases, hives may be associated with angioedema, which can be serious if it affects the airways. Additionally, hives can occasionally be associated with a serious allergic reaction called anaphylaxis, which can lead to chest tightness, difficulty in breathing, vomiting, dizziness, and confusion. One should go to the hospital immediately if experiencing any of these symptoms.
Treatment
Treatment includes avoiding the trigger, over-the-counter antihistamines, and in a few cases, prescription medications.
7. Contact dermatitis
- Key features
- Appearance: Flat red spots or red bumps.
- Location: Any part of the body.
- Is it itchy? Usually yes.
Contact dermatitis is an itchy rash that can present as red spots or dots on the skin. The involved area can be inflamed, swollen, cracked, and scaly. In some cases, blisters may form.
Cause
Contact dermatitis can be of two types:
Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when the skin comes in contact with an allergen like poison ivy, latex, metals like nickel, pollen, pet dander, molds, etc.
Irritant contact dermatitis can occur when the skin comes in contact with an irritant which can damage the skin barrier. The common irritants are fragrances, essential oils, cleaning products, surfactants, etc.
Treatment
Avoid further contact with the allergen or irritant. Cool compress, antihistamines, and topical steroids may help in decreasing the symptoms.
8. Heat rash (Miliaria rubra)
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps.
- Location: Any part of the body.
- Is it itchy? Usually yes.
Miliaria rubra, the most common type of heat rash (prickly heat), can present with tiny itchy red spots on the skin. These spots can resemble pimples.
Cause
It occurs due to the trapping of sweat under the skin in hot climates. It can occur at any age, although it is commonly seen in babies and children.
Treatment
Heat rash does not need specific treatment unless it gets worse. Cold baths and antihistamines can help in reducing the symptoms. Avoid tight clothing or occlusive thick skincare products.
9. Rosacea
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps on the face.
- Location: Face.
- Is it itchy? It may be associated with itching.
Red spots or bumps on the face can be due to rosacea. Rosacea is a chronic skin condition characterized by flushing or blushing, which can make the skin appear red and blotchy. The symptoms may include erythema, thickening of the skin, red bumps, and telangiectasia.
Cause
The exact cause is not clear. Genetics, environmental factors, or our immune system may play a role. Several factors may flare rosacea, like extreme temperature, spicy food, exercise, stress, alcohol, etc.
Treatment
Rosacea is treated with topicals like metronidazole, azelaic acid, and ivermectin. In some cases, oral antibiotics may be prescribed.
10. Pityriasis rosea
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots.
- Location: Usually appears on the trunk.
- Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
Pityriasis rosea is a rash that presents with slightly raised and scaly red spots on the skin. It may be preceded by flu-like symptoms.
The first red patch that appears is called the “Herald patch.” It is oval or circular (can be up to 10 cm) and usually appears on the chest, back, or abdomen.
Up to 2 weeks later, smaller red spots can appear in the form of a Christmas tree. These can be more widespread and usually involve the chest, back, arms, and thighs. It does not hurt, but it can be itchy.
Cause
The exact cause is not known. Some theories include association with certain viruses (like herpesvirus type 6) or medications.
Treatment
Pityriasis rosea is self-limiting and usually clears in 6-10 weeks. If the itching is severe, your doctor may prescribe antihistamines or steroids.
11. Perioral dermatitis
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps.
- Location: Around mouth, nose, or eyes.
- Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
Perioral dermatitis can lead to red spots around the mouth. These spots can be papules or pustules. They can be associated with itching and burning sensations. They can also occur around the nose and eyes.
Cause
The exact is not clear. However, perioral dermatitis is frequently associated with topical steroids, steroid inhalers, toothpaste with fluoride, dental fillings, thick and occlusive skincare products, and hormonal changes.
It is commonly seen in females 20-40 years of age.
Treatment
One should stop using any topical steroids. Perioral dermatitis is treated with topical (metronidazole, erythromycin) and oral antibiotics (like doxycycline, and minocycline).
Read more about perioral dermatitis here.
12. Seborrheic dermatitis
- Key features
- Appearance: Usually flat red spots or patches.
- Location: Common areas are the chest, back, scalp, and face.
- Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
Seborrheic dermatitis presents with red patches on the skin. These are covered with thick yellow scales and are usually associated with itching. In people with darker skin tones, it may lead to hypopigmented areas.
Cause
The exact cause is not clear; however, Malassezia (a fungus that is part of the normal flora of our skin), excessive oiliness, and skin barrier defect are the main associated factors.
It is also associated with some neurological disorders and medications.
Treatment
Over-the-counter anti-dandruff shampoos may help in decreasing the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis. In severe cases, prescription topical antifungals, steroids, or oral medications may be needed.
Read the full article on seborrheic dermatitis here.
13. Psoriasis
- Key features
- Appearance: Raised red spots or plaques.
- Location: Common areas are elbows, knees, scalp, chest, and back.
- Is it itchy? Yes, it can be itchy.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can present with red skin spots. These areas can be itchy. It is of different types, and the symptoms can vary depending on the type.
Plaque psoriasis is the most common type, which leads to red raised bumps (plaques) with white or silvery scales. The commonly affected areas are elbows, knees, scalp, and trunk.
Cause
The exact cause is not known. However, genetic factors, the immune system, and environmental factors may play a role in it. Stress, injury, or infection can trigger an outbreak of psoriasis.
Treatment
Psoriasis is usually treated with topicals containing coal tar or salicylic acid. In some cases, topical steroids, immunosuppressants, and vitamin D or A derivatives are prescribed. Phototherapy may also be recommended.
14. Insect bites
- Key features
- Appearance: Usually red spots or bumps.
- Location: Any part of the body.
- Is it itchy? Usually yes.
Insect bites and stings can lead to red spots on the skin. In some cases, they may form blisters. They are usually very itchy.
The symptoms may vary depending on the insect (they can be mosquitoes, bedbugs, fleas, certain flies, etc.).
Cause
The red bumps appear due to our skin’s reaction to stings or their secretions.
Treatment
The red spots usually clear on their own. Over-the-counter antihistamines and topical steroids may help in managing the symptoms.
15. Keratosis pilaris
- Key features
- Appearance: Rough tiny red bumps.
- Location: Common on upper arms, thighs, cheeks, and buttocks.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Keratosis pilaris is a common skin condition that can lead to small red spots on the skin which often feel rough. It usually involves the upper arms, cheeks, thighs, or buttocks.
In darker skin tones, the spots may appear skin-colored, brown, or black in color.
Keratosis pilaris is often seen in children and adolescents and may clear by the age of 20-30s. It usually does not hurt or itch but may get worse in the dry or winter season.
Cause
Keratosis pilaris occurs due to blockage of the hair follicles with a protein called keratin, which is part of the outer layer of our skin. The exact cause behind it is not clear. It may be associated with atopic dermatitis or genetics.
Treatment
Keratosis pilaris usually resolves with age. Few skincare ingredients may improve its appearance. These include urea, lactic acid, glycolic acid, and retinoids like retinol.
16. Acne vulgaris
- Key features
- Appearance: Red bumps.
- Location: Face, chest, upper back.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Acne vulgaris (the common acne) can lead to two types of skin lesions: non-inflammatory and inflammatory. Inflammatory acne can often be the reason behind red spots on the face.
Inflammatory acne lesions can be in the form of papules, pustules, nodules, or cysts. Nodules and cysts extend deep into the skin and can be painful.
Cause
Acne is commonly seen in oil gland-rich areas like the face, upper back, chest, or shoulders.
It occurs due to blockage of the hair follicles with oils and dead skin cells. It can result in inflammation and proliferation of bacteria resulting in inflammatory acne lesions.
Treatment
Treatment will depend on the severity of the acne.
- Mild or moderate acne is usually treated with topicals like salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, or antibiotics.
- Severe acne may need oral antibiotics or oral retinoid (Accutane) in addition to above mentioned topicals.
17. Folliculitis
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps.
- Location: Face, arms, legs, and buttocks.
- Is it itchy? Usually yes.
Folliculitis is the inflammation and/or infection of the hair follicles, leading to red spots on the skin. In some cases, one can see pustules. It usually involves the face, arms, legs, and buttocks, although it may involve any hair-bearing area.
It may progress to a boil if the hair follicles get deeply infected.
Cause
Folliculitis is of different types. Bacterial folliculitis is the most common and is often caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.
A skin injury, prolonged antibiotic use, heavy sweating, contaminated hot tubs, and certain medical conditions like diabetes may increase one’s chance of developing folliculitis.
Treatment
Mild cases of folliculitis may resolve on their own. Antibacterial washes may be helpful.
In some cases, topical antibiotics like mupirocin may be used. In severe cases, oral antibiotics may be needed.
18. Scabies
- Key features
- Appearance: Red bumps (may form blisters).
- Location: In adults, it appears inside folds, groin, waist, nipple, and between fingers.
- Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
Scabies is a contagious skin condition that can lead to itchy skin and red spots. These spots may form blisters or fluid-filled bumps. The scratching from itching the lesions can lead to secondary infections like impetigo.
- The head, neck, palms, and soles are commonly involved in young children.
- In adults, skin folds are involved, including the inside of the elbow or wrist, between the fingers, groin, waist, or nipple.
Cause
It is caused by a mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. One can get it by coming in close contact with someone who has scabies or, less often, by sharing personal items.
Treatment
Scabies is treated with topical medications like permethrin (5%), benzyl benzoate (25%), crotamiton (10%), or sulfur (5 to 10%). In some cases, oral ivermectin medication may be prescribed.
19. Chickenpox
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps that may form blisters.
- Location: All over the body.
- Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
Chickenpox is a viral infection that leads to itchy red spots on the skin (all over the body). It occurs in three phases:
- First, the red bumps appear.
- They then become filled with fluid to form blisters.
- The blisters undergo scabbing.
The rash lasts for around two weeks and can be accompanied by systemic symptoms like fever, headache, and malaise.
Cause
Chickenpox occurs due to a type of herpes virus called Varicella-zoster virus. One can get the virus by coming in close contact with lesions or contaminated surfaces.
It can be prevented by the chickenpox vaccine.
Treatment
The chickenpox rash usually clears on its own. In some people, antiviral medication may be prescribed.
20. Shingles
- Key features
- Appearance: Red bumps that may form blisters.
- Location: Appears on one side of the body.
- Is it itchy? It may be associated with itching.
Shingles lead to painful red bumps, usually appearing on one side of the body, like the left arm or left torso.
It is preceded by burning and itching, followed by red bumps, which form blisters. Eventually, these crusts and scab. It may be accompanied by symptoms like fever or fatigue.
Cause
It occurs due to the same virus that causes chickenpox – the Varicella-zoster virus.
Once a person gets chickenpox, this virus stays in the body for life and can reactivate decades later in some people. An outbreak can occur due to suppressed immune systems, certain medications, medical conditions like HIV, diabetes, or cancer, and stress.
A person with shingles can spread the virus to others who never had chickenpox or vaccination against it. It can lead to chicken pox in such people.
Shingles can be prevented by the Shingrix vaccine (it is considered 90% effective).
Treatment
Antiviral medications may be prescribed to help in faster healing and prevention of complications like postherpetic neuralgia (which is persistent pain even after the lesions heal completely).
In some cases, your doctor may prescribe medication to reduce pain, like gabapentin or amitriptyline.
21. Impetigo
- Key features
- Appearance: Red bumps that form blisters.
- Location: Around mouth and nose
- Is it itchy? Yes, it may be itchy.
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial infection that is commonly seen in young children. It can lead to red skin spots, which form blisters. These blisters can burst, revealing red areas which form a honey-colored crust.
It commonly involves the area around the mouth and nose.
Cause
The main cause is bacterial infection by Staphylococcus aureus. One can get it by coming in direct contact with the lesions or by touching contaminated surfaces.
Treatment
Impetigo is usually treated with a topical antibiotic called mupirocin. In some cases, oral antibiotics may be needed.
The area should be kept clean, and one should follow good hand hygiene to prevent the spread of infection to other parts of the body.
22. Cold sores (Fever blisters)
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps and blisters.
- Location: On and around lips.
- Is it itchy? It may be associated with itching.
Cold sores or fever blisters appear as red spots on lips or on areas around the lips. It can also involve eyes or skin on cheeks.
Before the rash, one feels burning and itching. This is followed by red bumps, which form blisters. These burst or ooze and scab.
Cause
Cold sores are caused by herpes simplex virus (usually type 1). Once a person gets infected, the virus stays inside the body and can reactivate, leading to recurrent outbreaks.
The common precipitating factors are stress, hormonal changes, sun exposure, illness, weak immune system, or certain medical conditions.
This is a contagious skin condition, and the virus can spread to others until the red bumps heal completely.
Treatment
In most cases, cold sores heal in 10-14 days. Over-the-counter lip ointments with benzocaine can reduce discomfort.
Over-the-counter topical cream – Abreva has an antiviral that can help heal the sores faster.
In some cases, your doctor may prescribe topical or oral antivirals.
Read the full article on cold sores here.
23. Hand, foot, and mouth disease
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps, may form blisters.
- Location: Hand, feet, and mouth.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral infection commonly seen in young children. It results in a rash characterized by sores or blisters in the mouth, and red spots on the hands and feet. These spots may eventually develop into blisters.
The rash is usually not itchy. The rash may be preceded by fever. The other symptoms may be sore throat, feeling sick, and loss of appetite.
Cause
It is most commonly caused by a type of enterovirus called coxsackievirus 16. It is contagious and can spread in daycares or schools.
Treatment
The rash usually clears in a week and does not require specific treatment. Over-the-counter pain medications like Tylenol may be helpful.
24. Scarlet fever
- Key features
- Appearance: Rough red spots or bumps.
- Location: Can be widespread.
- Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
Scarlet fever is a red rash commonly associated with pharyngitis or sore throat. The rash is preceded by fever and sore throat.
The rash appears as bright red spots on the skin and can feel rough and is often referred to as sandpaper rash. It usually first appears on the trunk, underarms, and groin and then spreads to other parts of the body. It may be itchy.
The face may have a flushed appearance, and the tongue may appear red.
Cause
Scarlet fever is caused by a bacteria, Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A streptococcus. It releases a toxin that leads to this skin rash.
Treatment
Scarlet fever is treated with antibiotics like penicillin or amoxicillin.
25. Ringworm
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots in the form of rings.
- Location: Any part can be involved.
- Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
Ringworm is a rash that occurs due to a fungal infection. Depending on the part of the body involved, ringworm can have different names. Ringworm of the body is also called tinea corporis.
It can present with itchy red circular rashes with a central clear or scaly area and raised edges.
Cause
Ringworm occurs due to infection by fungus dermatophytes. It is contagious and can spread by direct contact with the lesions or infected surfaces.
Treatment
Over-the-counter anti-fungal ointments with miconazole, terbinafine, or clotrimazole may be used to treat ringworm. In some cases, oral antifungals may be prescribed.
Read more about ringworm symptoms and how it looks.
26. Swimmer’s itch (Cercarial dermatitis)
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps.
- Location: Areas exposed to water with parasites.
- Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
Swimmer’s itch presents with itchy red spots on the skin, which may resemble pimples. These may be associated with a burning sensation. The spots usually go away in a week.
Cause
Swimmer’s itch occurs due to an allergic reaction to a parasite. One can get this by swimming outdoors in freshwater lakes or ponds.
The parasite can burrow into our skin, but since humans are not the primary host, it dies off soon.
Treatment
Topical anti-itch lotions or over-the-counter antihistamines may help in reducing the symptoms. Prescription medication may be required in severe cases.
27. Syphilis
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps.
- Location: Trunk, palms, and soles (secondary syphilis).
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease. The symptoms will depend on the stage of the disease.
In primary syphilis, a painless, firm, round sore known as a chancre typically appears on the genitalia. This sore often heals within a few weeks, and it may go unnoticed.
Secondary syphilis occurs 3 to 8 weeks after the initial infection and can lead to rough, scaly round red spots on the skin.
It usually involves the chest, back, palms, and soles. It may be accompanied by systemic symptoms like fever, malaise, or enlarged lymph nodes.
If left untreated, it can progress and affect vital organs of the body.
Cause
Syphilis is caused by a bacteria called Treponema pallidum. It can be transferred by direct contact with the lesions. A pregnant female can transfer it to the baby.
Treatment
Early treatment is vital to prevent long-term complications. It is treated with antibiotic penicillin.
28. Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps that may form blisters.
- Location: Knees, elbows, buttocks, shoulders, or scalp
- Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
Dermatitis herpetiformis is a chronic skin condition that can lead to itchy red spots on the skin. These may form blisters. These are commonly seen on the knees, elbows, buttocks, shoulders, or scalp.
It is often seen in people with celiac disease.
Cause
Dermatitis herpetiformis occurs due to our body’s reaction to gluten-containing foods. It results in the release of IgA antibodies which can deposit in the skin.
It has no connection to the herpes virus, although the rash may look like the one caused by the herpes virus.
Treatment
Dermatitis herpetiformis is treated with an oral antibiotic called dapsone. In addition, one has to follow a strict gluten-free diet.
29. Dyshidrotic eczema
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps that may form blisters.
- Location: Palms and soles along the sides of fingers and toes.
- Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
Dyshidrotic eczema can lead to itchy, fluid-filled bumps on palms and soles along the sides of fingers and toes. These clear in 2-3 weeks leaving behind dry and red skin on hands.
It is commonly seen in young women in the age group of 20-40 years.
Cause
The exact cause is not known. However, it is often seen in people with a family history of dyshidrotic eczema or allergies.
It has been associated with factors like stress, hot and humid weather, excess sweating, and contact with metals like nickel.
Treatment
Dyshidrotic eczema is usually treated with topical steroids. In some cases, oral steroids, immunosuppressants, or phototherapy may be used.
Botulinum toxin injection may help with excessive sweating.
Read the full article on dyshidrotic eczema here.
30. Granuloma annulare
- Key features (localized type)
- Appearance: Red spots in the form of rings.
- Location: Feet, hands, or fingers.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Granuloma annulare comes in various types, with localized being the most common form. This can present as ring-shaped red marks on the skin.
The surface of these spots is smooth, and the center may be slightly depressed. This type is usually seen in children and young adults, and it does not hurt or itch.
There are a few other types that are uncommon, like the generalized type, which is seen in adults and can be itchy.
Cause
The exact cause is not known. The precipitating factors include injury, insect bites, infection, medications, or sun exposure.
It is found more commonly in females and in people with diabetes, thyroid disease, or HIV.
Treatment
These spots usually resolve over time. Treatment can help in clearing them faster.
The common treatments of granuloma annulare include topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors, oral medications like steroids or antimalarials, steroid injection, freezing, and laser.
31. Erythema nodosum
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps that are tender.
- Location: Anterior aspect of legs.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Erythema nodosum presents with painful red spots on the skin (usually on the lower legs). These are round to oval with an ill-defined border and can be a few cm in size. They may take a few weeks to clear, and they can look like a bruise as they heal.
They may be accompanied by fever, joint pain or swelling, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Causes
The cause is not known in around 55% of cases. In other cases, erythema nodosum may be associated with infections, medication, pregnancy, inflammatory conditions like sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, or other systemic diseases.
Treatment
If these occur due to an underlying cause, that should be treated. The other treatments may include anti-inflammatory drugs, oral steroids, or potassium iodide.
32. Hansen disease (Leprosy)
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps.
- Location: Any part of the body.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Hansen’s disease, also known as leprosy, can result in red spots on the skin and may also affect the nerves, eyes, or mucous membranes.
The symptoms can vary depending on the type of leprosy, which can be broadly divided into tuberculoid, borderline, or lepromatous leprosy.
Tuberculoid has fewer lesions which usually appear as hypopigmented or red lesions with raised borders, while lepromatous has more lesions which can cause disfigurement.
Other symptoms may include loss of sensation, enlarged nerves, and loss of eyebrows and eyelashes.
Cause
Leprosy is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. It is slow-growing, and the symptoms may take a long time to appear after infection.
As per the CDC, it is transmitted by prolonged close contact with someone having untreated leprosy. It cannot be transferred by casual contact like handshaking or sitting next to each other.
According to the CDC, about 150 people in the United States and 250,000 around the world get this infection per year.
Treatment
Leprosy is treated with multidrug therapy, which involves the use of multiple antibiotics. These include dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine.
Early treatment may prevent long-term complications like paralysis, loss of vision, or permanent damage to other parts of the body.
33. Cutaneous lupus
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spots or bumps; some may appear in the form of rings.
- Location: Usually in sun-exposed areas.
- Is it itchy? The acute type may be itchy. Subacute and chronic types are usually not itchy.
Cutaneous lupus is a group of disorders that affect the skin. They may be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. It is of 3 main types:
Acute cutaneous lupus: It presents with a rash involving the cheeks and nose in a butterfly pattern, which makes the skin appear red and blotchy.
Subacute cutaneous lupus: It presents with raised circular red spots on the skin (often scaly) which may resemble psoriasis. It is commonly seen on sun-exposed areas like the upper arms or trunk.
Chronic cutaneous lupus: The most common type is discoid lupus. This presents as scaly, thick red spots on the skin (round in shape), which can lead to scarring and hair loss. It is commonly seen on the scalp, ears, cheeks, nose, and lips.
Cause
The immune system, genetics, and environmental factors may play a role in it. Sun exposure can make skin lupus worse.
It is more common in females and usually occurs between ages 20-50 years.
Treatment
- One should protect the skin from the sun and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen.
- Avoid smoking.
- The treatment may include topical steroids, oral steroids, antimalarials, or immunomodulatory.
34. Lyme disease
- Key features
- Appearance: Red circular spot with bull’s eye appearance
- Location: Any part of the body.
- Is it itchy? Usually, no.
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia bacteria, which can be transmitted through the bite of an infected tick. The symptoms usually appear 3 to 30 days post-bite.
In around 50% of cases, flu-like symptoms may be seen, such as headaches, fever, chills, joint pain, or enlarged lymph nodes.
A rash known as erythema migrans appears in approximately 70% of patients.
This rash has a characteristic ‘bull’s eye’ appearance: with a red spot in the center which is the tick bite site, surrounded by a lighter zone and then an outer red ring. Lyme disease rash is usually not itchy.
If left untreated, Lyme disease can affect other body parts like the heart, central nervous system, eyes, and more. Late-stage symptoms may include chest pain, abnormal heart rate, nerve pain, numbness, headaches, dizziness, facial paralysis, vision loss, and arthritis.
Treatment
Lyme disease is treated with antibiotics, such as doxycycline or amoxicillin. It’s best to start treatment early to avoid complications.
35. Actinic keratosis
- Key features
- Appearance: Rough red, brown, tan, or pink spots or bumps.
- Location: Sun-exposed areas.
- Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
Actinic keratosis is a precancerous lesion that, if left untreated, can progress to squamous cell carcinoma in 5-10% of cases.
It is usually seen on sun-exposed areas and can present as a pink, tan, white, brown, or red spot on the skin with a rough or crusty surface.
Cause
Actinic keratosis occurs due to DNA damage in the squamous cells, which form the top layer of our skin.
Treatment
Actinic keratosis can be treated with topicals like 5- fluorouracil, imiquimod, ingenol mebutate or diclofenac, laser, freezing, or local excision.
36. Squamous cell carcinoma
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spot or bump.
- Location: Usually seen in sun-exposed areas.
- Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
Squamous cell cancer is the second most common type of skin cancer (after basal cell carcinoma).
It can present with a red scaly patch, an ulcer, a firm nodule, or rough, bumpy growth. It is commonly seen in areas that get a lot of sun but can involve any area.
Cause
It occurs due to DNA damage in the squamous cells. The risk factors include fair skin, exposure to the sun, tanning beds, a weak immune system, or a history of previous squamous cell carcinoma.
Treatment
The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma may include curettage, cryotherapy, laser, Mohs surgery, surgical excision, or radiation therapy.
37. Basal cell carcinoma
- Key features
- Appearance: Red spot or bump.
- Location: Usually seen in sun-exposed areas.
- Is it itchy? It may be itchy.
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer. It originates from the basal cells which form the bottom layer of the epidermis.
It can present as a waxy red, pink, tan, white, skin-colored, or brown bump or patch or a non-healing ulcer.
Causes
It occurs as a result of DNA damage, mainly from the UV rays. The lesions are usually seen on areas that are exposed to the sun, like the face, neck, scalp, ears, or trunk.
Treatment
Treatment will depend on various factors like size, type, or location. It is commonly treated with Mohs surgery or surgical excision. Other treatment options include laser, freezing, or curettage.
38. Mycosis fungoides
- Key features
- Appearance: Flat red spot or red bump.
- Location: Any part of the body.
- Is it itchy? Usually, yes.
Mycosis fungoides is a type of skin lymphoma in which cells in our blood called T-lymphocytes become cancerous and affect our skin.
The symptoms will depend on the progress of the disease. Initially, it may present with itching and red spots on the skin. As the disease progresses, it can form red or reddish-brown plaques and nodules.
Cause
The exact cause is not known; however, genetics and environmental factors may play a role.
Treatment
Treatment will depend on the stage of the disease. It may include topical or oral medications or radiotherapy.
Diagnosis
Red spots on the skin can occur due to various reasons. It can be hard to pinpoint a cause so you may need to see a doctor.
In most cases, your doctor can diagnose them after a physical examination and medical history review.
In some cases, they may need to do additional testing, which may include:
- Skin scrapings
- Skin biopsy
- Culture
- Blood tests
When to see a doctor
Red spots on the skin can be caused by a number of skin conditions, some of which may be treated at home. However, one should see a doctor if:
- They are accompanied by fever, chills, severe pain, or swelling.
- There is pus or foul-smelling discharge.
- The red spots appeared after a tick bite.
- You have difficulty in breathing.
- You feel dizzy or confused.
- The spots are spreading or not improving.
- You are not sure what is causing the red spots on the skin.
Key points
Red spots on the skin can occur due to a variety of skin conditions, including heat rash, contact dermatitis, eczema, ringworm, cherry angiomas, rosacea, and in rare cases, skin cancer.
While some of these spots may resolve on their own, conditions like skin cancer require proper diagnosis and treatment. It’s advisable to see a doctor if the red spots do not improve or worsen over time.
Further reading
- Itchy Bumps on Skin: Causes, Pictures, Treatment
- Blister Rashes (Itchy Bumps Filled with Clear Liquid): Causes and Treatment
- White Bumps on Face: 8 Causes (Not only Milia) and Treatments
- Raised Skin Bumps: 44 Causes, Pictures and Treatment
References
- Lastória JC, Abreu MA. Leprosy: review of the epidemiological, clinical, and etiopathogenic aspects – part 1. An Bras Dermatol. 2014 Mar-Apr;89(2):205-18. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142450. PMID: 24770495; PMCID: PMC4008049.
- Bhandari J, Awais M, Robbins BA, et al. Leprosy. [Updated 2022 Aug 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Vaidya T, Badri T. Mycosis Fungoides. [Updated 2022 Aug 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Pardo S, Perera TB. Scarlet Fever. [Updated 2022 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Oakley A. 2001. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus. DermNet.
- Ayoade F, Kumar S. Varicella Zoster. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Nardi NM, Schaefer TJ. Impetigo. [Updated 2022 Oct 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Winters RD, Mitchell M. Folliculitis. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
- Hives. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.
Disclaimer: This blog post is for information purposes only and does not replace medical advice.